Role of Ethics, Integrity and Character Essay example

Ethics, character and personal integrity are three of the most important factors in organisation; this essay will determine the role of ethics, character and personal integrity and describe the differences between them. Ethics is about decision-making and actions of human freedom. Ethics is the decision between what is right and wrong in life, when faced with the different directions of the action or alternative goals to pursue, our moral direction to make reasonable decisions. Especially in organizations, ethics plays a very important role. Ethics become the responsibility of the individual for his work in the organization. For example, a moral person who will always complete assigned work with the highest spirit and enthusiasm without†¦show more content†¦It represent an honest, reliable and consistent. Leaders who are integrity can create corporate culture of integrity. for the company to develop in a sustainable way, leaders need to develop the trust and the consensus around shared values . As Kouzes and Posner (2002, pp. 79-80) point out, the development of shared values improves the work environment and productivity. Integrity also strengthens personal effectiveness, corporate loyalt y, and ethical behavior of the employees because they trust in the leaders who had created Culture of integrity, as a result, the performance of the company will highly increase. The difference between ethics and character is ethics always toward to common standard of the whole sociality and was learned through experiences and errors in life. For example, the company starts to work at 8.00am; everyone will arrive before or on time around 8.00 am to work. Character belongs to individual and separate nature, very difficult to get through the learning process and training. For example, self-confident can not learn from any book or lesson while personal integrity is not only all about ethics but also all about character. It is those characteristics of an individual that are consistently considerate, compassionate, transparent, honest, and ethical. The characteristic of trust is closely associated with integrity. To be success, the most important factor you must haveShow MoreRelatedThe Reprehensible Story Of The Enron Corporation1680 Words   |  7 Pagestheir substantial contradictory actions against not only basic ethics but Enron’s published Code of Eth ics. Outlining the reputation of Enron, Kenneth Lay, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), in a foreword within Enron’s Code of Ethics stated, â€Å"to be proud of Enron and know that it enjoys a reputation for fairness and honesty and that it is respected.† Even though Kenneth Lay spoke to the company as a whole on manners in ethics and good conduct, it was he and a number of other high placedRead MoreMilitary Ethics1692 Words   |  7 PagesMilitary Ethics PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning Prof Whitney Easton 10 March, 2014 â€Æ' Military Ethics This paper will discuss the topic of military ethics using the utilitarian theory. It will also incorporate the ethical system of virtue ethics. â€Å"Military ethics is about our learning what is good and true and then having the courage to do and be what and who we ought to. For military ethics is not about his or her successes or failures; it is not about their virtues or vices. MilitaryRead MoreDefining Police Ethics And Ethics1044 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: Defining Police Ethics Defining Police Ethics Juan C. Sanchez American Public University, CMRJ 308 August 23, 2015 In today’s society, professional values and ethics play a very important role in law enforcement. In order to lead a successful career in the police force, a person must have a strong principle of value and a great knowledge of what ethics. Any person in law enforcement that chooses not to follow the principles of value and ethics will most likely not haveRead MoreEthics in Academics1315 Words   |  6 PagesEthics In An Academic Environment Attending The University of Phoenix, we are required in Gen 300 to write a research paper on Ethics In An Academic Environment. In this research paper, you will be able to understand the ethics and environment and how they both are in our everyday surroundings. We will also explain how Ethics in an Environment affects everyone on a day-to-day basis whether good or bad. Ethics in an Academic Environment plays a very important part of our lives. Ethics is theRead MoreBusiness Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility, Integrity, And Integrity1318 Words   |  6 Pagessocial role responsibly. Business ethics, have been created in recent years as responses to an increasing sense of corporate wrong doing. This essay attempts to discuss what business ethics are for improvement of business behavior to the satisfaction of the â€Å"constituents† of business, i.e. the major stakeholders. In addition, the essay describes how similar ethics can be applicable to a University setting, e specially playing a role in the society. It also explains the concept of integrity and itsRead MoreEthical Analysis : Ethics And Ethics909 Words   |  4 Pagesalways obvious nor are they based on what is right or wrong or what is good or bad (Gonzalez-Padron, 2015). They are choices made by managers at all levels and stakeholders who follow the company’s core values, ethics policies and moral compass. One leader who is an example of integrity and ethics is Bill Daniels, who opened and operated a small insurance agency in Wyoming. Analyzing Bill Daniel’s ethical tradition, decision approach, and moral development will provide a foundation to Bill’s businessRead MoreHow Ethics Influences Leadership1596 Words   |  7 PagesHow Ethics Influences Leadership In order to draw a correlation of ethics to leadership and provide an overview, I find that I must first place the elements of the correlation into the following contextual reference: definitions offered in the textbook, the objectives of the lesson(s), and finally our societal or cultural paradigms at play. In our textbook Supervision by Certo, ethics is defined as the principles by which people distinguish what is morally right and leadership as the managementRead MoreA Code Of Conduct A Coach941 Words   |  4 Pagesmodel to solve new or familiar problems they may encounter on their team. For coaches at every level a philosophy or code of ethics is needed to prevent unethical behavior that could resolute in fines, suspensions, or the dissolution of a program. To set a code of conduct a coach must base an ethical model primarily on what is referred to as normative ethics. With normative ethics a coach can outline what is considered acceptable moral standard resulting in a definition of what is right or wrong behaviorRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Ethical And Ethical Issues1360 Words   |  6 Pages INTRODUCTION: Business ethics can be defined as the set of moral values and codes or standards of conduct in an organization. According to Wikipedia – â€Å"Business ethics (also corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations.† The particulars and specifics of theRead MoreLying to Patients and Ethical Relativism910 Words   |  4 Pagesshould ever steal) Objective vs. Subjective (Telling right from wrong) Paternalism vs. Autonomy Paternalism – authority of restricting the freedom and responsibilities of those lower than them Autonomy is a binomial 1) Enlightenment ethics – celebration of the individual’s reason, free will, self seat of values, 2) Politics – celebrating of the individual’s ability to know what is best for the government, religion, or public opinion. Medical field turns from med paternalism to

The s Theory Of Political Economy - 795 Words

Originally coined by Bernhard London (1932) in the context of the Great Depression, up to this date there is no generally accepted definition of planned obsolescence. According to a common definition by Tim Cooper, planned obsolescence is â€Å"the outcome of a deliberate decision by suppliers that a product should no longer be functional or desirable after a predetermined period† (Cooper, 2010, p. 4). Another frequently cited definition was formulated by industrial designer Brooks Stevens: â€Å"Instilling in the buyer the desire to own something a little newer, a little better, a little sooner than is necessary† (cit. in Adamson, 2003, p. 4). Whereas the former definition emphasises the planning involved in designing products, the latter foregrounds the manipulation of consumer desires and implicitly argues that these desires have become detached from actual human needs. What is frequently overlooked, however, is the inherent critique of capitalism in the narrative of planned obsolescence and how strongly it builds upon Marx s theory of political economy.1 Marx was already well aware of the fact that even perfectly functioning goods can lose their value and become obsolete, a phenomenon he termed â€Å"moral depreciation† (1992, p. 264). To Marx, the reason for this lies in the capitalist logic of accumulation, which forces manufacturers to constantly innovate and modernise their means of production. The higher production capacity resulting from this, however, can only be maintainedShow MoreRelatedDemography s Classic Transition Theory1464 Words   |  6 PagesDemography s classic-transition theory furthers the modernization narrative that is central to this argument. The theory presents a three-phase timeline to explain the reproductive history of all nations. Countries begin in the pre-transition phase where high mortality and high birth rates create slow population growth, which is considered a traditional society. The second phase is the transition where slowing mortality rates and high birth rates produce raid population growth. During this stageRead MoreThe Classical School And The Neoclassic1702 Words   |  7 PagesToday s Economy as it relates to Classical and Neoclassical Thought Economic thoughts and theories are constantly evolving. One reason being is the growth and evolution of humans and systems. This constant change often brings about greater economics challenges. Thus, we can strongly contend to the fact that the state of today’s economic isn’t as found in the 18th or 19th and so on. Moreover, economic theorists presented with these robust economic challenges often time build up on each other. ThatRead MoreEssay about Comparison of Urban Sociological Theories921 Words   |  4 PagesSociological Theories In order for an urban sociologist to discover â€Å"How urban societies work,† theories of â€Å"urban ecology† or â€Å"political economy† are used as a guide in their research. Urban ecology refers to the importance of social structure and social organization as shaping social life in the city. Urban ecologist concerns for social order, social cohesion, community ties and social differentiation offer key insight to how societies work (Kleniewski, 2001). Alternatively political economy stressesRead MoreThe Nature of Political Economy†931 Words   |  4 PagesAn essay on Robert Gilpin â€Å"The Nature of Political Economy† This chapter introduces differences and similarities between politics and economics. Both of them affect one another. In another hand, politicians and economists have different ideas and consumptions about the same facts. Also, they choose different ways of analysis. Moreover, Mr. Gilpin talks about the importance of the understanding the nature of political economy. In today’s rapidly changing world, where globalization takes place andRead MoreDo Marx s Views On Capitalism Provide Any Insights Into Economic Globalisation Today? Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesDo Marx s views on capitalism provide any insights into economic globalisation today? Emma Hentschel ID : 216152064  Do Marx s views on capitalism provide any insights into economic globalisation today? Globalization in one of the main driving forces within today s modern world. It is the historical process and transformational development in the global arena, where growth and establishment of global connections in the international community continues to evolve. It is a widely used phraseRead MoreInsight From Theory And History1638 Words   |  7 PagesEssay 1 Insights from Theory and History When referring to the subject of International Political Economy the main focus of study in this field looks at analyzing and finding reasons for the problems that arise or are affected from the interaction of international political decision, international economics, international trade, as well as different social systems and societal groups. Over the course and development of these systems prominent figures of economic theory and government interactionRead MorePresidential Elections Are Not Isolated From National Or World Macro Events931 Words   |  4 Pagesuntold influence on economies and stock markets. International macro events are countless; they can even have an impact at a state level in the U.S. Below are a few examples of international macro events as derived from the California Department of Finance (CDOF) website â€Å"Chronology of Significant Events†: †¢ Global conflicts †¢ Foreign energy resources †¢ Foreign trade policies †¢ Foreign political events †¢ Emerging foreign national economies †¢ Troubled foreign national economies The UnitedRead MoreThe Theory Of The Age Stratification Theory Essay972 Words   |  4 Pagesperspective has many other theories which include, structural functionalism, modernization, disengagement, continuity, activity, life course, and age stratification. The functionalist perspective has some advantages. These perspectives have been used more often than any other perspectives in the study of aging. Some of the earliest and most influential theories which gerontology used are, the disengagement theory, activity theory, and the modernization theory. These theories all rely on the functionalistRead More An Analysis of The Dominate Perspectives of International Political Economy1532 Words   |  7 Pages In the world of international political economy, three dominant perspectives have emerged over time. The differences and similarities between the realist/mercantilist, liberalism, and historical structuralism perspectives are significant. In this essay, I will compare and contrast these dominant perspectives. First, I will give a historical account of how each perspective originated. Then I will outline the actors involved in each perspective, explore those actors’ interests, and outline which ofRead MoreLiberalism, Mercantilism , Structuralism And Constructivism1422 Words   |  6 PagesWhen approaching political economics, there are a variety of places and perspectives one may begin from, the most common of which being identifiable as Liberalism, Mercantilism, Structuralism and Constructivism. Each of these political ideologies represent the culmination of works from many famous theorists and intellectuals, all of which help us to better understand how certain economies have the possibility of functioning in different situations. Focuses range from the power of the individual to

William Shakespeares Hamlet - 710 Words

In Shakespeares tragedy Hamlet are very few female characters that is caused by the story - the son must avenge his fathers killer , the mother s uncle . Nevertheless images of Gertrude , Queen of the Danish and Ophelia , daughter of royal adviser Polonius , played in the tragedy very important role . In these two images are not simply embodied many typical female character traits - as worthy , and not so . In the process of communication with these women reveal deeper characters of Hamlet and his enemy , King Claudius , and partly late father and characters of Hamlet and Polonius , who for the sake of the royal favor ready to jeopardize his own daughter . O woman , your name - treachery ! - Hamlet exclaims , lamenting the fact that his mother was very quickly forgotten his father and married his brother. However, one can hardly rightfully call Gertrude treacherous - rather frivolous . Know this woman the truth about the death of her first husband , she would , of course, hardly dared to link its fate with his killer. However, this lack of knowledge does not justify the act of women. In the summer, like yours, do not live by storms and head - Hamlet s mother rebukes , indicating what kind of man she forgot obscenely fast and traded on those who like ear , struck corruption . But despite the levity, which does not befitting the mother having an adult son , and especially the queen , Gertrude is not devoid of decent quality . So , it is doubtless sincere loveShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet981 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is a historic writer that is well known and wrote many plays in his lifetime. In most of hi s plays, if not all, he has incorporated hidden meanings and messages. The majority of his hidden meanings are controversial topics of his time period. In Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, the controversial topic that is throughout the play is religion and the afterlife. Afterlife plays a big role in Hamlet and is discussed throughout the play. Multiple authors have written on the topic of afterlifeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet745 Words   |  3 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Hamlet is a unique character due to his unpredictability. He is attempting to discover the truth in a way that no other character of Shakespeare’s has done. We find Hamlet in a state of deep melancholy due to the death of his father, as well as the very sudden and lewd marriage of his uncle and his mother. Hamlet is inspired by the player giving the speech about Hecuba witnessing the massacre of her husband, Priam. He goes off on his own, and he is bewilderedRead MoreWilliam S hakespeares Hamlet964 Words   |  4 Pagesunsatisfactory situation. In William Shakespeares Hamlet, a characters inability to overcome their weakness due to it being emphasized by their unfortunate circumstance results in their tragic downfall. This is illustrated through Hamlets over thinking, Claudiuss ambition, and Gertrudes naive persona. Hamlets character is one that is very thoughtful and conscious, however some view these qualities as procrastination and over thinking. Even Hamlet himself acknowledges this inRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet1482 Words   |  6 PagesIn one of William Shakespeare’s most notorious plays, Hamlet, Shakespeare uses multiple scenes filled with drama to add a certain extreme dimension to the play. In a story filled with drama, such as Hamlet, an author attempts to use intense dialogue and actions in order to invoke personal emotions and feelings in the hearts of the audience. Shakespeare attempted to have the audience feel the pain that Hamlet experienced, sense the feelings of revenge that were deep in the heart of the prince, andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet1308 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, has deep meaning and sorrow to its story. It has one of the most famous soliloquies ever to be written in theater art, â€Å"To be, or not to be.† At first, reading Shakespeare’s writing seems difficult to understand and be interested in, but as the reader reads on and digs into the roots of the play, it truly grabs the reader’s attention and makes him/her want to know more of the thoughts behind Hamlet. Thus, the story of Hamlet begins and his personality shows throughoutRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet 2214 Words   |  9 PagesMadness within: Bipolar William Shakespeare had the uncanny ability to read people then put into words how individuals reacted with one another. His most known playwright is â€Å"Hamlet†. Hamlet leads the opening of the play with grandeur; but, when his father’s ghost of comes to visit him telling of Hamlet’s uncle Claudius killed him. Hamlet schemes a plan pursuing revenge. Hamlet demonstrates depression exceptionally, in the presence of his mother and Uncle Claudius. Shakespeare’s character likely labeledRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Essay751 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet might well claim to be Shakespeares most famous play because of its language and the charm of its central character. Shakespeare wrote some thirty-eight plays. Taken individuallyRead More William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet has been praised and revered for centuries as one of William Shakespeares best known and most popular tragedies. Based on its popularity, critics alike have taken various viewpoints and theories in order to explain Hamlets actions throughout the play. The psychoanalytic point of view is one of the most famous positions taken on Hamlet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychoanalytic criticism is a type of literary criticism that analyzes and classifies many of the forms ofRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet1172 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet is a complex story that uses many literary devices to help develop the characters in Hamlet. One dominant device is irony. The main plot of the story revolves around irony. Hamlet is a witty character and loves to use irony. Hamlet’s use of irony displays how he insults people, discovers useful information, and reveals his true character. The use of irony in this story helps to add depth to each character, which is why Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s most complex stories. There are three typesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Essay2474 Words   |  10 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet When first introduced to Hamlet he is a character full of pain and confusion, still mourning his father’s death, ‘But two months dead-nay, not so much, not two’.[1] The punctuation here highlights Hamlet’s anguish. Significantly, Hamlet is already portrayed as a misfit, as no one else within the court but Hamlet is wearing mourning clothes; in Shakespeare’s time it would have been worn for at least a year following the death of a king.

The Assets and Information of an Organization Example

Essays on The Assets and Information of an Organization Term Paper ï » ¿Cyber Security Organizations: A Focus on Target The assets and information of an organization must be protected all the time from unauthorized persons. Organization leaders have given the security of information and assets highest priority including investing in infrastructure that shields them from the potential breach. Companies are adopting digital security options that require frequent updates. The duty of the management is to safeguard the digital structure with the latest updates. However, there are fundamental challenges that organizations will face in the process of protecting organizational assets and information. One of the notable companies that have been affected in the recent past is Target. The cyber-attack caught the company unawares, but hard lessons were learnt from the breach. The company also took actions after the cyber-attack and focused primarily on the infrastructures of an organization. An evaluation of the company reasons for the attack and the efficiency of the management installation of measures to prevent the retail store from attack are vital. Fundamental Challenges That Organizations Face In Asset and Information Protection Organizations must ensure that that they do not disrupt top operations and growth. Organizations are concerned with steering primary operations on a daily basis (Kim Solomon, 2012). Organizations that have cyber-based infrastructure are tasked with protecting the information assets from misuse, infiltration, and theft. Safeguarding the intellectual property and vital business information without upsetting the economic structures within and outside the company is essential. Firms must also deal with internal problems that relate to disgruntled employees (McCumber, 2005). Employees can form alliances with the people who have vested interests with the assets and information regarding products and services. Workers can release sensitive information without the company knowing and upset the way operations are handled. Intellectual property has created a new form of competition, and rival firms would employ all the tactics to stay ahead in the game and counter the rival innovations. Organizational duty entails putting in measures within the company that would require strict protocol to access sensitive information. Cyber security has become a bigger issue for organizations (Kim Solomon, 2012). Companies that deal with sensitive information such as credit and debit cards are tasked with strengthening their security capabilities identify, reduce, and eliminate security risks. Coming up with mitigation strategies that are up to date is calling for a large investment of funds in the IT department alone. Robust technologies are essential, and initiatives that address cyber-attacks differ with the perimeter of an organization. Migrating online has its merits and demerits, and it has become one of the greatest fundamental challenges in the corporate environment. Target was involved in a recent cyber-attack that was carried out in two stages and raised red flags. The compromise of the retail giant resulted in a leak of millions of credit and debit card information. Red Flags That Target Overlooked In the Retail Cyber Attack Target did not act on the escape route plan executed by the hackers on November 30th (Riley, Elgin, Lawrence Matlack, 2014). Target had employed FireEye to detect any malware infiltration. The team of cyber security specialists in Bangalore monitored the systems and discovered the staging points used by the Russian-based hackers to hide their tracks. FireEye spotted the routes and notified the security team in Minneapolis. The hackers were quick to set traps and staging points around United States in a bid to prevent their storage servers in Russia from detection. The target would have utilized the chance to eliminate the infiltration to the servers that stored credit and debit card information. Target thought that meeting the payment card industry (PCI) industry was enough. The certification could not prevent the data breach that followed. According to Riley, Elgin, Lawrence Matlack (2014) an overhaul of the entire system was important the moment Bangalore team informed Minneapolis security team. The impending breach in the mainframes of Target retail stores would have been avoided. The transformation would have fastened the structures in the company and help to catch the hackers based in Russia. Another version of Exfiltration malware was installed on December 2, but Target did not act on the alert. FireEye systems and the Bangalore monitoring had done their job and ensured that Target was notified in time. Customers wondered why the company dismissed the alerts despite putting millions of credit and debit cards at risk. The mitigation plan would have initiated a manhunt for the hackers (FadilpaÃ… ¡ić, 2015). Main Actions That Target Took After the Attack Gregg Steinhafel revealed that the company conducted an end-to-end review of the employees (Riley, Elgin, Lawrence Matlack, 2014). All employees and security teams involved in handling phone numbers, credit, and debit card information for millions of customers within and outside United States conducted the review. The company conducted the review to know the technology and processes to comprehend the potential points that led to the breach and help to improve data security. The company was destined to learn from the cyber-attack saga that led to the loss of at least $4million. The reviews would help companies create a segregated structure that would limit the breaches. The company also overhauled the information security structure (FadilpaÃ… ¡ić, 2015). The process was destined to safeguard accounts for the millions of customers who were affected by the breach. The company had adhered to the PCI certification call for improvement of security standards. Additionally, the improvement also paved the way for the quick transition to chip-enabled cards. The transition was initiated amidst investigations to hunt the hackers. Chip-enabled cards are secure and are approved by companies such as MasterCard and Visa. An overhaul of the security system would create room for implementation of a network that limits the number of employees and vendors logging in the Targets account. The investigation was necessary because Target wanted to establish and speculate the real cause of the breach. The company fast-tracked the process to protect the customers affected in the retail attack. The company was ready to deal with lawsuits filed by the customers. The investigation allowed the company to ascertain if the insurance companies would pay for the damages caused and help to fight negligence and compensatory damages. A response to the breach averaged $61million that company would have prevented (Riley, Elgin, Lawrence Matlack, 2014. The investigation can help to restore investor’s confidence and guarantee customers that their bank accounts are safe. The process of investigation would initiate strategies that can safeguard future transactions. Investigations reinforce the system overhaul processes that have been employed by Target alongside other vulnerable retailers in United States. Conclusion Target did not heed to the signs given by the Bangalore security team. The installation of FireEye was irrelevant and the certification process to match the standards of PCI could not help either. The company has a team in Minneapolis whose job was to act immediately a red flag was raised concerning malware attacks in the mainframes (Krebsonsecurity.com, 2015). The company has millions of account in its servers, and it was its top duty to prevent and eliminate the malware the moment the signs were detected a few times before the attack was launched. The hackers got a leeway when they launched decoy staging points, and the company failed to monitor and pin them down. Developing a team of investigation, and the decision to overhaul the system was wise but it was not a timely remedy for the damage that had affected retailing customers in 1097 stores in United States. The cyber-attack occurred due to the inability of the management to act accordingly. Target had invested in a pricey detection tool that is also utilized by CIA and Pentagon (Krebsonsecurity.com, 2015). Therefore, the company had a watertight infrastructure that could detect malware immediately the hackers launched the malware. The Minneapolis security team was to blame for the damages caused. The company hoped that it would redeem itself from the damages amidst 90 lawsuits across United States. Retailers learnt their lessons and initiated approaches that would keep hackers at bay. References FadilpaÃ…Â ¡iĆ¡, S. (2015). The cyberattack on Target cost the retailer  £100 million | ITProPortal.com. ITProPortal. Retrieved from http://www.itproportal.com/2015/02/26/target-reveals-true-cost-2013-cyber-attack/ Kim, D., Solomon, M. (2012). Fundamentals of information systems security. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones Bartlett Learning. Krebsonsecurity.com,. (2015). target data breach à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  Krebs on Security. Retrieved from http://krebsonsecurity.com/tag/target-data-breach/ McCumber, J. (2005). Assessing and managing security risk in IT systems. Boca Raton, Fla.: Auerbach Publications. Riley, M., Elgin, B., Lawrence, D., Matlack, C. (2014). Missed Alarms and 40 Million Stolen Credit Card Numbers: How Target Blew It. Businessweek.com. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2014-03-13/target-missed-alarms-in-epic-hack-of-credit-card-data#p1

Money and Banking Free Essays

Money and Banking Free Essays Chapter5 4. Explain why you would be more or less willing to buy long-term ATT bonds under the following circumstances: a. Trading in these bonds increases, making them easier to sell. We will write a custom essay sample on Money and Banking or any similar topic only for you Order Now More, because if it is easier to sell bond this means that liquidity of bonds increase. b. You expect a bear market in stocks(stock prices are expected to decline) More because these bonds’s expected return will increase compared to stocks. . Brokerage commission on stocks fall Less because the decrease in brokerage commissions on stocks makes them more liquid. d. You expect interest rates to rise Less because when interest rates increase the expected return decreases. e. Brokerage commission on bonds fall. More because the decrease in brokerage commissions on bonds makes bond more liquid. 7. Using both the liquidity preference framework and the supply and demand for bonds framework, show shy interest rates are procyclical If the economy is growing there is a business cycle expansion witch will result to a increase in supply of bonds this means that the supply curve will shift to the right if this happens there will be a new equilibrium point and if everything is constant the new equilibrium point will be lower witch means that price of a bond will decrease and the interest rate will increase. If the economy grows the first effect we can see Is that the income will increase. When income increases the demand for money will increase shifting the demand curve to the right if every thing else is constant this will mean that the equilibrium point will change thus moving up and showing an increase in interest rate. 9. Find the â€Å"Credit Markets† column in the Wall Street Journal. Underline the statement in the column that explain bond price movements, and draw the appropriate supply and demand diagrams that support these statement. The column describes how the price of treasury bonds rose when the stock market faltered. The higher relative expected returns on bonds would then cause the quantity demanded to rise each price, shifting the demand curve to the right. The outcome is a rise in the equilibrium price and a fall in interest rates. Massive amount of supply of bonds is set to enter the market over the next month. The increase in supply would shift the supply curve to the right, causing the equilibrium price to fall. How to cite Money and Banking, Papers

Money and Banking Free Essays

Money and Banking Free Essays Chapter5 4. Explain why you would be more or less willing to buy long-term ATT bonds under the following circumstances: a. Trading in these bonds increases, making them easier to sell. We will write a custom essay sample on Money and Banking or any similar topic only for you Order Now More, because if it is easier to sell bond this means that liquidity of bonds increase. b. You expect a bear market in stocks(stock prices are expected to decline) More because these bonds’s expected return will increase compared to stocks. . Brokerage commission on stocks fall Less because the decrease in brokerage commissions on stocks makes them more liquid. d. You expect interest rates to rise Less because when interest rates increase the expected return decreases. e. Brokerage commission on bonds fall. More because the decrease in brokerage commissions on bonds makes bond more liquid. 7. Using both the liquidity preference framework and the supply and demand for bonds framework, show shy interest rates are procyclical If the economy is growing there is a business cycle expansion witch will result to a increase in supply of bonds this means that the supply curve will shift to the right if this happens there will be a new equilibrium point and if everything is constant the new equilibrium point will be lower witch means that price of a bond will decrease and the interest rate will increase. If the economy grows the first effect we can see Is that the income will increase. When income increases the demand for money will increase shifting the demand curve to the right if every thing else is constant this will mean that the equilibrium point will change thus moving up and showing an increase in interest rate. 9. Find the â€Å"Credit Markets† column in the Wall Street Journal. Underline the statement in the column that explain bond price movements, and draw the appropriate supply and demand diagrams that support these statement. The column describes how the price of treasury bonds rose when the stock market faltered. The higher relative expected returns on bonds would then cause the quantity demanded to rise each price, shifting the demand curve to the right. The outcome is a rise in the equilibrium price and a fall in interest rates. Massive amount of supply of bonds is set to enter the market over the next month. The increase in supply would shift the supply curve to the right, causing the equilibrium price to fall. How to cite Money and Banking, Papers

Health Literacy Hospitals and Clinics

Question: Discuss about theHealth Literacy for Hospitals and Clinics. Answer: Introduction Health literacy is vital for each and every person because everyone at in their lives needs to use, find, or understand various health services and related information. To take care of ones own health is an important part of life, and do not only include visits to doctors, hospitals, or clinics. To make necessary and right decisions related to health, it is very important for an individual to have the knowledge and understanding of the information related to the health. Health literacy is one of the tools that can help the individual to protect and prevent various health related problems and its better management (Narang, Sen, Shukla, 2013). Health literacy can be defined as the extent to which each individual possess the ability to obtain, processing, and understanding the basic information related to the health and the healthcare services for making valid and right health decisions. Various studies have shown that the limited or lack of health literacy is related to a wide range o f various adverse outcomes related to the health, which also includes decreased utilization of preventive health care services, increased potentials of mortality and hospitalization, and poor disease related results for specific chronic health conditions (Mosadeghrad, 2014). Hence, this essay will include the importance of health literacy, various factors affecting it, the relation between effective communication and health literacy, and its importance in a multicultural health environment. Health Literacy can be described as the social and cognitive skills that determine the ability and motivation of the persons to understand, gain access, and utilize the information in a manner that helps in maintaining and promoting the good health of the individuals. Hence, by improving the individuals access to the various health-related information, as well as, their capacity of utilizing it in an effective way, health literacy tends to be very critical and important to the empowerment ("WHO | Track 2: Health literacy and health behavior", 2016). Being capable of understanding health-related information and making decisions based on that available information is very important to the well-being of an individual. Studies have found a relation between poor outcomes of health and low literacy. Therefore, health literacy is very important for better health as it helps the individuals to understand and utilize the health related information for the better management of their health. Th ere are a various individual, health professional, as well as, health system factors, which influence and impacts the health literacy. Where individual factors include health knowledge, literacy skills, experience, educational level, age, and demographics culture (Hester, 2008). The health care system and the professional factors involve communication and dissemination of the healthcare services, access to the healthcare resources and services, as well as, skills, experience, and knowledge of the healthcare professionals. As health literacy is very important for effective outcomes related to the health, it is very important to important the health literacy. To increase the health literacy of the nation a collaborative and multi-sectoral effort is required. Practices related to the clear communication skills, as well as, removal of the barriers related to the literacy are important steps for improving the health literacy. By means of proper and accurate delivery of the health-related information, one can promote the culture and environment of the effective health literacy for the improvement of the health of each and every individual and the community (Finn O'Fallon, 2015). Communication is the most important and necessary tool for the provision of better and effective care to the patient and improving the satisfaction of the patient in a healthcare system and setting. Effective communication can be described as the communication, which successfully and clearly delivered, received, as well as, understood. Effective communication is very important in the healthcare system as it impacts the quality of the therapeutic relationships between the patient and a healthcare professional, provide job satisfaction, as well as, have a great influence on the safety of the patient. Studies have shown that the ability of the healthcare profession to listen, explain, and empathize lay a profound impact on the functional and biological health-related outcomes, and to the satisfaction of the patient and his/her experience of healthcare provision (Bearne, 2003). Moreover, effective communication between the physician and the patient helps in regulating the emotions of the patient, facilitate the process of delivery of the medical information, as well as, enables better recognition of the needs, expectations, and perceptions of the patient. The nature, as well as, quality of the effective communication within a health care setting are affected by a broad range of various factors, like socioeconomic factors, literacy factors, behavioral factors, and cultural factors, which also includes various work based factors and policy (Babatunde, 2013). Cultural, as well as, social structures, like religion, race, education, language, economic status, and ethnicity status are the major contributors towards the well-being and health of the individuals. A wide range of cultural diversity is represented by the patients. The increase in the demographic variation of the populations in several countries needs an approach and process for effective management of the complexity related to the difference of sociocultural factors. The health care settings quality is the result of cooperation developed between the healthcare professional and the patient in an effective and supportive environment. Various personal factors related to the patient and the healthcare professional, as well as, factors related to the organization, the healthcare setting and the system impact the quality of the healthcare services (Mosadeghrad, 2014). It has been observed that the individuals whose first language is different and is not English faces more trouble in un derstanding the health information that is in English in comparison to the individuals who speak English. In the year of 2006, it was observed that around three million people in Australia spoke English as their second language in between the age groups of 15-74 years. About only one-quarter of this population possess adequate health literacy in comparison to the 44% of the population whose first language was English (abs.gov.au). The relationship amongst poor health and limited or low health literacy are somehow related to the poor quality of communication within the health care setting and delivery of the healthcare services (Wynia Osborn, 2010). In general, the health literacy and effective communication are considered to be interrelated with each other but have different concepts. Where effective communication is an exchange of information, health literacy is the utilization of various abilities and skills by the individual. The communication between the patient and the physician is considered to be an important and fundamental characteristic of the medical care. However, research has found that the patients generally have trouble in understanding the instructions regarding medical information from the physicians. Physicians generally utilize medical jargon without confirming the understanding of the discussion by the patient and even deliver a vast amount of information in a single time. As a result of t he medical encounter, it has been observed that the patients generally remember half or even less of the information explained by the physician and may be uncertain regarding the steps to be taken next. Hence, it has been clear that a reduced health literacy attributes towards the communication gap existing between the patients and the physicians (Kripalani Weiss, 2006). The language or terminology used by the health care professionals for communication with the patients tend to be a barrier in the cases where patients have inadequate or low health literacy. Moreover, research has also shown that the use of medical terms by the physicians in combination with the inadequate health vocabulary of the patient leads to the confusing and inadequate communication between the patient and the physician. As the health literacy, as well as, the effective communication interrelated to each other, it is very important to assess the health literacy of the patient for development of the better an d effective communication and relationship with the patient (Hester, 2008). Effective communication is very important and is the foundation of the efficient health care. It is very important for providing and delivering good health services, health-related information, and for achieving a high level of satisfaction of the patient. However, it has been observed that the patients who have low health literacy often fails to understand the information provided to them by the physicians (Babatunde, 2013). Hence, health literacy is very important for developing effective communication, as well as, therapeutic relationship between the patient and the healthcare professional. It is very important for having effective communication with the patient, his/her level of health literacy is fully assessed. It has been observed that the link between the poor health and the low health literacy can be the result of the poor quality of the communication within the organizations involved in the delivery of the health care services. Therefore, for effective communication with th e low health literacy patients requires the ability to recognize and identifying the problem and the level of the health literacy of the patient, thereby, creating a patient-centered health care environment for better understanding and knowledge of the patient (Hester, 2008). Although various healthcare professionals have a general conception that instructions and explanations provided them to the patients, as well as, their families are completely understood, but in truth, this information is mostly misunderstood, and in some case even result in the serious errors. The common reason behind misunderstanding these health related instructions and information may be due to the fewer skills of the patient related to the health literacy. Therefore, health literacy is very important for having effective communication with the patient (Bearne, 2003). Today the healthcare professionals are involved in the provision of the healthcare services, education, as well as, case management related information and instructions to a diverse population of the patient, which is challenged by a triad of various barriers related to the linguistic, cultural, and health literacy parameters. The culturally based values, beliefs, and preferences that an individual holds impacts the interpretation of the messages and information related to the healthcare by the individual. Due to the diverse cultural diversities, the disparities in the health literacy can occur. Culture, as well as, language impacts the way the patients apply and acquire their skills in various health situations. Hence, addressing the critical and interactive and health literacy requirements of a population of the patients presents a complex and varied set of issues and problems for both the researchers and the health providers (Bosworth, 2010). Understanding the level of the health literacy of the patient needs an assessment and clear understanding of the cultural norms and the linguistic skills of the patient, as well as, integration of the cultural norms and skills into the strategies related to the health literacy for the healthcare plan of the patient. The issues and barriers in developing effective communication due to the poor health literacy of the patient can be related to the cultural differences between the healthcare professional and the patient. The challenges related to the low health literacy, as well as, cultural differences restricts the development of the effective communication and are most likely found to be increased with the increasing and expanding diverse population (Lie, Carter-Pokras, Braun, Coleman, 2012). Moreover, other issues related to the low health literacy is the differences in the ethnicity and race of the patients, and different health disparities causing due to various mechanisms and process of poor adherence and understand ing by the patient, and due to the limited access and acquiring of the health care services (Bosworth, 2010). Health literacy is observed to be the basic fundamental requirement for the high and effective quality of the healthcare, as well as, for the good health of the patients. Low health literacy can lead to the vulnerability of the patient and can lead to the inequity and disparities in the health care. Addressing and describing the health literacy is the means of empowering the patients to be capable enough of making their decisions, as well as, for taking appropriate steps and action related to their health and the information of the health care, thus, contributing towards a high quality and safe healthcare system (Finn O'Fallon, 2015). As it is clear that low health literacy results in poor outcomes related to the health of the patient, addressing and describing the health literacy in the most appropriate and coordinated manner needs the focus to increase the health literacy levels of the individuals, as well as, making required changes and variations to the healthcare environments h ealth literacy. Direct communication related to the diseases and other health related issues, targeting the population with low literacy skills, application of the various health literacy related design standards and principles by the health professionals involving the health-related services and information are few ways of increasing the health literacy of the individuals (Bosworth, 2010). Health care providers play an important role in improving the health literacy of the patient and should work in collaboration with each other for developing required skills with the patients for better understanding and utilization of the information and instructions provided by them to the patients. Efforts should be made in educating the health literacy in the most effective way that can be gained by each and every individual, thereby, improving the health outcomes of the individuals. References Australian Social Trends, June 2009. (2009). Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 16 September 2016, from https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4102.0Main+Features20June+2009 Babatunde, O. (2013). Importance of Effective Communication in Public Organisations.ISS,3(2), 78. Bearne, E. (2003). Rethinking literacy: communication, representation and text.Literacy,37(3), 98-103. Bosworth, H. (2010). Challenges and strategies to improve patient health literacy and competencies.PI, 19. Finn, S. O'Fallon, L. (2015). The Emergence of Environmental Health LiteracyFrom Its Roots to Its Future Potential.Environ Health Perspect. Hester, E. (2008). An Investigation of the Relationship Between Health Literacy and Social Communication Skills in Older Adults.Communication Disorders Quarterly,30(2), 112-119. Kripalani, S. Weiss, B. (2006). Teaching about health literacy and clear communication.J Gen Intern Med,21(8), 888-890. Lie, D., Carter-Pokras, O., Braun, B., Coleman, C. (2012). What Do Health Literacy and Cultural Competence Have in Common? Calling for a Collaborative Health Professional Pedagogy.Journal Of Health Communication,17(sup3), 13-22. Mosadeghrad, A. (2014). Factors Influencing Healthcare Service Quality.International Journal Of Health Policy And Management,3(2), 77-89. Narang, S., Sen, B., Shukla, A. (2013). Information Literacy, Health Literacy, Health Information Literacy-What are they about?.Lib. Her.,51(4), 323. WHO | Track 2: Health literacy and health behaviour. (2016).Who.int. Retrieved 15 September 2016, from https://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/7gchp/track2/en/ Wynia, M. Osborn, C. (2010). Health Literacy and Communication Quality in Health Care Organizations.Journal Of Health Communication,15(sup2), 102-115.