Analyzing Itten’s Color Theory in Painting

This paper focuses on the theme about the seven shading contrast which is drawn by an incredible Swiss expressionist painter named Johannes Itten. Therefore, this paper would likewise render clear consideration in breaking down and evaluating the utilization of shading in two distinct works of art which are made by two particular specialists, using the said seven shading contrast done by Johannes Itten. The paper clutches the motivation behind looking into the specific utilization of shading in the compositions of Leonardo Da Vinci (Virgin of the Rocks) and Jan van Eyck (The Arnolfini Portrait) by methods for using the shading hypothesis of Itten. The accompanying would be examined: †¢ Understanding Leonardo Da Vinci’s Virgin of the Rocks †¢ Discussion on Jan van Eyk’s The Arnolfini Portrait †¢ The Virgin Rock and The Arnolfini Portrait At the finish of the paper, this would render clear data that would appropriately separate Leonardo Da Vinci’s (Virgin of the Rocks) and Jan van Eyck’s (The Arnolfini Portrait) as far as using hues in their works of art. Understanding Da Vinci’s The Virgin of the Rocks. Leonardo Da Vinci, as one of the extraordinary painters in the old history of painting, utilizes a methodology and system in utilizing shading for the â€Å"Virgin of the Rocks† and additionally in some cases alluded to as â€Å"Madonna of the Rocks† which portrays similar qualities of complexity between the light and dull.. Thus, as noticeable and obvious in his work of art, Leonardo Da Vinci’s essential utilization of shading is set to give an image of masterful blend between the light and dim hues. Much the same as numerous extraordinary painters in his time, Da Vinci’s utilization of shading in his artistic creation is respected to be monochromatic, wherein he for the most part used different darker shades, grayer tones, and paler tints that render incredible detail recognizing the light and dark. In the said painting, Da Vinci’s utilization of light shading is explicitly arranged in giving clear subtleties of the face and position of the items and the environmental factors that unmistakably uncovers the shade of light and dull hues in the stones. As it were, Leonardo Da Vinci’s fundamental utilization of light and dim hues in the artistic creation is his own methodology in delineating the best possible introduction of the impacts of lighting in giving clearness and feeling to the visual. Along these lines, through this thorough perception, it tends to be said that Da Vinci’s utilization of shading in â€Å"Virgin of the Rocks† falls under the classification of â€Å"contrast of light and dark† and â€Å"contrast of saturation† in Itten’s seven shading contrasts as his artistic creation is for the most part made out of light and dull hues which are as needs be and quietly used to mean single portrayal. Conversation on Jan van Eyk’s The Arnolfini Portrait according to the artistic creation and work of Jan van Eyck’s entitled â€Å"The Arnolfini Portrait,† which is likewise alluded to as â€Å"The Arnolfini Wedding† and â€Å"The Arnolfini Marriage,† the essential position and utilization of shading depicts a relative importance and incentive in arrangement of the composition. Not at all like Leonardo Da Vinci’s â€Å"Virgin on the Rocks,† where he for the most part used light and dull hues, which came about to a monochromatic work of art, Jan van Eyck’s arrangement â€Å"The Arnolfini Portrait† is in a general sense loaded up with splendid and gleaming hues, which convey a solitary objective of portraying the well off way of life of â€Å"Giovanni di Nicolao Arnolfini,† the man who is with his significant other in the artistic creation. Jan van Eyck’s essential utilization of shading in the said painting is set to delineate life and draw an image of authenticity. In this manner, van Eyck’s has utilized diverse brilliant hues to introduce and improve the exactness of life and genuine picture and fine subtleties of the lounge where Giovanni Arnolfini and his better half are standing. What's more this, using brilliant and enthusiastic hues, Jan van Eyck can render unequivocal subtleties in the work of art, for example, the shadow of Giovanni Arnolfini and his significant other and the shade of light that originates from the window. The utilization of splendid hues additionally gives subtleties on the lighting and the beam of light originating all things considered, which goes through the window that thinks about the half piece of the ceiling fixture and through the essence of Giovanni Arnolfini and his significant other. Along these lines, Jan van Eyck’s utilization of shading for this work of art is classified as the difference of supplements. Virgin of the Rocks and The Arnolfini Portrait Through a careful investigation and evaluation of the two works of art, it is said that there are obvious and perceptible likenesses and contrasts as far as the utilization of shading. According to the similitudes of the two compositions, it is clear that both of the painters, Leonardo Da Vinci and Jan van Eyck, have used hues so that it bolsters their objective of portraying authenticity and nearness of life in their items in the work of art. Consequently, the two craftsman and their artistic creations are additionally outfitted with the most appropriate hues in building up the nearness of lighting and additionally the wellspring of iridescence so as to additionally feature authenticity and life. As it were, it tends to be said that the works of art and artful culminations of the two specialists contrast from one another as far as their particular use of specific sorts of hues. In constrast to the artistic creation of Leonardo Da Vinci’s â€Å"Virgin of the Rocks,† Jan van Eyck has used for the most part brilliant and sparkling sort of hues to have the option to feature authenticity and upgrade the veritable image of life in Arnolfini’s well off life and the excellence of their lounge room together with his significant other. Leonardo Da Vinci, then again, has for the most part used a blend of light and dim hues to introduce life and give subtleties of lighting in his work of art, which render and draw the suitable feelings of the picture. At long last, it very well may be said that the old style compositions of Leonardo Da Vinci and Jan van Eyck, which are entitled â€Å"Virgin of the Rock† and â€Å"The Arnolfini Portrait† are indistinguishable so that these two craftsman have utilized hues to have the option to accomplish their primary masterful objectives, which is that of portraying authenticity and placing more life into their works. Henceforth, the two artistic creations just contrast from one another regarding the specific hues that they use in its structure. As Leonarod Da Vinci has used a greater amount of the light and dim sorts of hues, Jan van Eyck has utilized for the most part brilliant and shiny mixes of tints to improve the nature of his work of art and accommodate the energetic highlights of his portrayal on the life Giovanni Arnolfini. Work Cited Itten's Color Contrasts. Imaginative Commons License. Seen 12 March 2009 ;http://www.worqx.com/shading/itten.htm;

Why I Havent Been Blogging

Why I Haven’t Been Blogging Behold, the first sentences of four different unfinished summer blog posts: - On Commencement day,  I almost got grabbed by  police for getting too close to the front while both my friends  met Tim Cook outside of  the bathroom. So I bought some Ethereum at $7 and its worth $400 now - Looks like I decided to write something at a reasonable hour. NOPE! Its 3:58 AM here in China. - My birthday is in less than an hour, my bus leaves in less than an hour, I need to do laundry, and Im still completely unpacked. - Some say the cure to writers block is to have a nice cup of tea while listening to some tunes to get the mind flowing. I prefer to  use themostdangerouswritingapp.com to force me to write walls of text  and lose all of my progress if I stop typing for more than 7 seconds. This works to cook up a first draft, albeit with a lot of misslepped words and grammar errors. I dont like publishing half-baked work. I like to knead the doughy first draft text and focus it around my main points. I then flesh out my stories and mix in some transitions while trimming off the excess fat. Then I sprinkle in some seasoning and light thesaurusy-words and creativity for the right flavor. I bake my post to perfection and let it sit for about a day before I come back for one last revision. Finally, I add in any icing, pictures, and GIFs that make my post colorful and then publish it on the windowsill of the Internet for the world to see. Thats what I usually do. But its been two months without posting and Im going hungry. I guess I feel pressure from myself to make every post some long, well-thought-out piece about a very important event. I feel like every one of my posts needs to captivate, entertain, and leave the reader with some lesson. And that post has to relate back to MIT in some way. But my boss and the other bloggers reassure me that that is not the case. When I dont feel like Ive done something bloggable or I feel too busy/lazy to blog, I should circumvent those feelings by just blagging anyway. About anything. So I pushed myself to write up this post and put it out there to get the habit going again. I will be posting more over the next month. And when I inevitably stop again because I get lazy or dont feel like what I am doing is bloggable, I shall think back to my all-time favorite inspirational quote:

Leprosy Disease - Free Essay Example

Introduction Leprosy, also called Hansens disease, is one of the first microbiology diseases that cropped up in the 1940s. People living in poverty had and still have a high probability of suffering from leprosy. During the 1940s, leprosy was an incurable disease. Leprosy is caused by an infective agent known as Mycobacterium leprae. The causative agent, Mycobacterium leprae, causes a long-term infection in people suffering from leprosy. The infective agent can be transmitted from one host to another through contact with fluid from the nostrils of an infected patient or through a cough. However, leprosy is not very communicable (1). The signs and symptoms of leprosy include granulomas of the skin, nerves, eyes, and the respiratory tract and poor eyesight. These signs and symptoms make an infected person to be numb to pain. Infected people may sometimes not be aware of wounds on their skin due to their numbness. Treatment for leprosy is done through the multidrug therapy. Lymphocyte transformation, radioimmunoassay, immunogel diffusion, fluorescent antibody absorption tests are used to detect the Mycobacterium leprae during treatment. Leprosy control programs are being used to prevent the spread of leprosy (1). Leprosy Leprosy, also referred to as Hansens disease, is a mycobacterial infection that affects the skin, eyes, testes, peripheral nerves, bones, and mucous membranes. Leprosy affects about 1.15 million people, of both sexes and all ages, in areas that are poverty stricken. Poverty stricken regions that have been hit hard with leprosy include Nigeria, India, Indonesia, Brazil, and Myanmar (4). These regions have the highest number of leprosy cases. Also, the probability of being infected with leprosy is higher in these particular regions. In todays modern world, the name leprosy has been replaced with the Hansens disease. This is because leprosy is connected with the Biblical leprosy, thereby making the leprosy patients to be discriminated. To avoid discrimination or harsh treatment, the Western hemisphere refers to leprosy as the Hansens disease (1). The Hansens disease is caused by an infective or causative agent known as Mycobacterium leprae (3). Mycobacterium leprae is an intercellu lar bacillus that gradually grows and enters the peripheral never, eyes, bones, mucous membranes, and testes. This causative agent for leprosy is related to the causative agent of Tuberculosis. The incubation of Mycobacterium leprae is between two to ten years or twenty years sometimes. This means that the period between infection and emergence of leprosy is two to ten or twenty years (4). Human beings infected with leprosy, primary reservoirs of Mycobacterium leprae, may transmit the infection to other hosts through various routs of transmission like skin to skin and airborne routes of transmission. Skin to skin transmission is the main route of transmission in leprosy. Since the bacilli cannot be located on unbroken skin, the transmission may take place through surgical processes and tattooing. Airborne transmission is only possible through an infected persons nasal secretions with Mycobacterium leprae to an uninfected persons nasal mucosa. The Hansens disease is, however, cons idered to be less communicable because of human beings natural immunity, which destabilizes the infection. The host of the Hansens disease is mainly human beings but armadillos have been found to be naturally infected with leprosy in Louisiana (1). Symptoms of Leprosy People who have been infected with the Mycobacterium leprae exhibit signs and symptoms like skin lesions, nose bleeding, nose congestion, peripheral nerve trunk damage, and hair loss on eyelashes, eyebrows, and on the body (5). The peripheral nerve trunk damage results into numbness and paralysis of body parts that later causes deformities and trophic changes. The numbness affects the peripheral nerve trunks and the small dermal nerves. The damage of the nerves may happen in untreated individuals infected with leprosy or those undergoing chemotherapy and instances when treatment is stopped because of the association of neuritis with erythema nodosum leprosum reactions. These signs and symptoms may later on make an infected person suffer from blindness or visual impairment (6). Blindness or visual impairment is as a result of mycobacterial infection and the inflammation of parts of the anterior segment of the eyes. The diagnosis of leprosy is founded on the clinical symptoms. For a person to be diagnosed with leprosy, immunogel diffusion, fluorescent antibody absorption, radioimmunoassay, and lymphocyte transformation tests have to be performed. Positive results from the tests often indicate the type of leprosy a person has. The number of skin smears further suggests whether a patient has the indeterminate, tuberculoid, lepromatous, borderline or dimorphous, or the paucibacillary-multibacillary types (1). Treatment of Leprosy The recommended treatment for leprosy is the multidrug therapy (3) (2). Patients with leprosy are expected to visit the leprosy clinics near them every month for clinical check-ups. The multidrug therapy should strictly not be utilized as monotherpay for leprosy. The first drug that was used for the treatment of leprosy is Dapsone. Dapsone is bacteriostatic against the Myobacterium leprae. It is combined with Rifampicin to treat paucibillary leprosy. The treatment of multicibillary leprosy is a combination of Rifampicin and Clofazimine. One dose of the combination therapy can be administered to treat single lesion paucibillary leprosy. The dosage form is Rifampiin (600mg), Minocycline (100mg), and Ofloxacin (400mg). An adult takes twice a childs dose (4). In cases where a patients results are not certain, the patient should be prescribed the multidrug therapy for multibacillary leprosy. Any individual infected with leprosy and has tested positive for skin smear should be trea ted with the multidrug therapy dosage for multibacillary leprosy. It is important to note that the dosage for paucibillary leprosy should not be administered to patients suffering from multibacillary leprae (4). Control of Leprosy A leprosy control program could be built to stop the transmission of leprosy. The main aims of such a program disrupt the transmission of the infection from a primary host to a second host, discover new subjects that are symptomatic, making follow ups on all leprosy patients under medication, and create awareness to the public, medical personnel, patients, and their families on leprosy (1). Conclusion In conclusion, leprosy, also referred to as the Hansens disease, is a mycobacterial disease that is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. This causative agent infiltrates the bones, eyes, mucous membranes, testes, and the peripheral nerves. The Myobacterium leprae is an intracellular bacillus that grows slowly and infiltrates these areas. The incubation period between infection and emergence of the disease is two to ten or twenty years. The main routs of transmission of leprosy are skin to skin and airborne transmission. However, leprosy is not highly communicable. For a person to be diagnosed with leprosy, immunogel diffusion, fluorescent antibody absorption, radioimmunoassay, and lymphocyte transformation tests have to be performed. The main treatment for leprosy is the multidrug therapy. The transmission of leprosy could be regulated through the leprosy control program. References Health Report Manual Department of Health and Hospitals. (2010). Hansens disease (Leprosy), Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Section, 1-12. Medical Research Resource ICMR BULLETIN. (2002). Short Course Treatment of Leprosy Present Status, vol.32, No.1. Leprosy Elimination Group. (2000). Guide to Eliminate Leprosy as a Public Health Problem, 1- 22. Health Report World Health Organization. (1998). Drugs Used in Leprosy, WHO Model Prescribing Information, 2-30. Fact Sheet Maryland Department of Health Mental Hygiene. (2002). Leprosy (Hansens Disease), Fact Sheet. Electronic Journal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Hansens Disease (Leprosy): Signs and Symptoms. Website via the Internet (https://www.cdc.gov/leprosy/symptoms/index.html)

Role of Ethics, Integrity and Character Essay example

Ethics, character and personal integrity are three of the most important factors in organisation; this essay will determine the role of ethics, character and personal integrity and describe the differences between them. Ethics is about decision-making and actions of human freedom. Ethics is the decision between what is right and wrong in life, when faced with the different directions of the action or alternative goals to pursue, our moral direction to make reasonable decisions. Especially in organizations, ethics plays a very important role. Ethics become the responsibility of the individual for his work in the organization. For example, a moral person who will always complete assigned work with the highest spirit and enthusiasm without†¦show more content†¦It represent an honest, reliable and consistent. Leaders who are integrity can create corporate culture of integrity. for the company to develop in a sustainable way, leaders need to develop the trust and the consensus around shared values . As Kouzes and Posner (2002, pp. 79-80) point out, the development of shared values improves the work environment and productivity. Integrity also strengthens personal effectiveness, corporate loyalt y, and ethical behavior of the employees because they trust in the leaders who had created Culture of integrity, as a result, the performance of the company will highly increase. The difference between ethics and character is ethics always toward to common standard of the whole sociality and was learned through experiences and errors in life. For example, the company starts to work at 8.00am; everyone will arrive before or on time around 8.00 am to work. Character belongs to individual and separate nature, very difficult to get through the learning process and training. For example, self-confident can not learn from any book or lesson while personal integrity is not only all about ethics but also all about character. It is those characteristics of an individual that are consistently considerate, compassionate, transparent, honest, and ethical. The characteristic of trust is closely associated with integrity. To be success, the most important factor you must haveShow MoreRelatedThe Reprehensible Story Of The Enron Corporation1680 Words   |  7 Pagestheir substantial contradictory actions against not only basic ethics but Enron’s published Code of Eth ics. 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The s Theory Of Political Economy - 795 Words

Originally coined by Bernhard London (1932) in the context of the Great Depression, up to this date there is no generally accepted definition of planned obsolescence. According to a common definition by Tim Cooper, planned obsolescence is â€Å"the outcome of a deliberate decision by suppliers that a product should no longer be functional or desirable after a predetermined period† (Cooper, 2010, p. 4). Another frequently cited definition was formulated by industrial designer Brooks Stevens: â€Å"Instilling in the buyer the desire to own something a little newer, a little better, a little sooner than is necessary† (cit. in Adamson, 2003, p. 4). Whereas the former definition emphasises the planning involved in designing products, the latter foregrounds the manipulation of consumer desires and implicitly argues that these desires have become detached from actual human needs. What is frequently overlooked, however, is the inherent critique of capitalism in the narrative of planned obsolescence and how strongly it builds upon Marx s theory of political economy.1 Marx was already well aware of the fact that even perfectly functioning goods can lose their value and become obsolete, a phenomenon he termed â€Å"moral depreciation† (1992, p. 264). To Marx, the reason for this lies in the capitalist logic of accumulation, which forces manufacturers to constantly innovate and modernise their means of production. The higher production capacity resulting from this, however, can only be maintainedShow MoreRelatedDemography s Classic Transition Theory1464 Words   |  6 PagesDemography s classic-transition theory furthers the modernization narrative that is central to this argument. The theory presents a three-phase timeline to explain the reproductive history of all nations. 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William Shakespeares Hamlet - 710 Words

In Shakespeares tragedy Hamlet are very few female characters that is caused by the story - the son must avenge his fathers killer , the mother s uncle . Nevertheless images of Gertrude , Queen of the Danish and Ophelia , daughter of royal adviser Polonius , played in the tragedy very important role . In these two images are not simply embodied many typical female character traits - as worthy , and not so . In the process of communication with these women reveal deeper characters of Hamlet and his enemy , King Claudius , and partly late father and characters of Hamlet and Polonius , who for the sake of the royal favor ready to jeopardize his own daughter . O woman , your name - treachery ! - Hamlet exclaims , lamenting the fact that his mother was very quickly forgotten his father and married his brother. However, one can hardly rightfully call Gertrude treacherous - rather frivolous . Know this woman the truth about the death of her first husband , she would , of course, hardly dared to link its fate with his killer. However, this lack of knowledge does not justify the act of women. In the summer, like yours, do not live by storms and head - Hamlet s mother rebukes , indicating what kind of man she forgot obscenely fast and traded on those who like ear , struck corruption . But despite the levity, which does not befitting the mother having an adult son , and especially the queen , Gertrude is not devoid of decent quality . So , it is doubtless sincere loveShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet981 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is a historic writer that is well known and wrote many plays in his lifetime. In most of hi s plays, if not all, he has incorporated hidden meanings and messages. The majority of his hidden meanings are controversial topics of his time period. 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In William Shakespeares Hamlet, a characters inability to overcome their weakness due to it being emphasized by their unfortunate circumstance results in their tragic downfall. This is illustrated through Hamlets over thinking, Claudiuss ambition, and Gertrudes naive persona. Hamlets character is one that is very thoughtful and conscious, however some view these qualities as procrastination and over thinking. Even Hamlet himself acknowledges this inRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet1482 Words   |  6 PagesIn one of William Shakespeare’s most notorious plays, Hamlet, Shakespeare uses multiple scenes filled with drama to add a certain extreme dimension to the play. In a story filled with drama, such as Hamlet, an author attempts to use intense dialogue and actions in order to invoke personal emotions and feelings in the hearts of the audience. Shakespeare attempted to have the audience feel the pain that Hamlet experienced, sense the feelings of revenge that were deep in the heart of the prince, andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet1308 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, has deep meaning and sorrow to its story. It has one of the most famous soliloquies ever to be written in theater art, â€Å"To be, or not to be.† At first, reading Shakespeare’s writing seems difficult to understand and be interested in, but as the reader reads on and digs into the roots of the play, it truly grabs the reader’s attention and makes him/her want to know more of the thoughts behind Hamlet. Thus, the story of Hamlet begins and his personality shows throughoutRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet 2214 Words   |  9 PagesMadness within: Bipolar William Shakespeare had the uncanny ability to read people then put into words how individuals reacted with one another. His most known playwright is â€Å"Hamlet†. Hamlet leads the opening of the play with grandeur; but, when his father’s ghost of comes to visit him telling of Hamlet’s uncle Claudius killed him. Hamlet schemes a plan pursuing revenge. Hamlet demonstrates depression exceptionally, in the presence of his mother and Uncle Claudius. Shakespeare’s character likely labeledRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Essay751 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet might well claim to be Shakespeares most famous play because of its language and the charm of its central character. Shakespeare wrote some thirty-eight plays. Taken individuallyRead More William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet has been praised and revered for centuries as one of William Shakespeares best known and most popular tragedies. Based on its popularity, critics alike have taken various viewpoints and theories in order to explain Hamlets actions throughout the play. The psychoanalytic point of view is one of the most famous positions taken on Hamlet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychoanalytic criticism is a type of literary criticism that analyzes and classifies many of the forms ofRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet1172 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet is a complex story that uses many literary devices to help develop the characters in Hamlet. One dominant device is irony. The main plot of the story revolves around irony. Hamlet is a witty character and loves to use irony. Hamlet’s use of irony displays how he insults people, discovers useful information, and reveals his true character. The use of irony in this story helps to add depth to each character, which is why Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s most complex stories. There are three typesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Essay2474 Words   |  10 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet When first introduced to Hamlet he is a character full of pain and confusion, still mourning his father’s death, ‘But two months dead-nay, not so much, not two’.[1] The punctuation here highlights Hamlet’s anguish. Significantly, Hamlet is already portrayed as a misfit, as no one else within the court but Hamlet is wearing mourning clothes; in Shakespeare’s time it would have been worn for at least a year following the death of a king.

The Assets and Information of an Organization Example

Essays on The Assets and Information of an Organization Term Paper ï » ¿Cyber Security Organizations: A Focus on Target The assets and information of an organization must be protected all the time from unauthorized persons. Organization leaders have given the security of information and assets highest priority including investing in infrastructure that shields them from the potential breach. Companies are adopting digital security options that require frequent updates. The duty of the management is to safeguard the digital structure with the latest updates. However, there are fundamental challenges that organizations will face in the process of protecting organizational assets and information. One of the notable companies that have been affected in the recent past is Target. The cyber-attack caught the company unawares, but hard lessons were learnt from the breach. The company also took actions after the cyber-attack and focused primarily on the infrastructures of an organization. An evaluation of the company reasons for the attack and the efficiency of the management installation of measures to prevent the retail store from attack are vital. Fundamental Challenges That Organizations Face In Asset and Information Protection Organizations must ensure that that they do not disrupt top operations and growth. Organizations are concerned with steering primary operations on a daily basis (Kim Solomon, 2012). Organizations that have cyber-based infrastructure are tasked with protecting the information assets from misuse, infiltration, and theft. Safeguarding the intellectual property and vital business information without upsetting the economic structures within and outside the company is essential. Firms must also deal with internal problems that relate to disgruntled employees (McCumber, 2005). Employees can form alliances with the people who have vested interests with the assets and information regarding products and services. Workers can release sensitive information without the company knowing and upset the way operations are handled. Intellectual property has created a new form of competition, and rival firms would employ all the tactics to stay ahead in the game and counter the rival innovations. Organizational duty entails putting in measures within the company that would require strict protocol to access sensitive information. Cyber security has become a bigger issue for organizations (Kim Solomon, 2012). Companies that deal with sensitive information such as credit and debit cards are tasked with strengthening their security capabilities identify, reduce, and eliminate security risks. Coming up with mitigation strategies that are up to date is calling for a large investment of funds in the IT department alone. Robust technologies are essential, and initiatives that address cyber-attacks differ with the perimeter of an organization. Migrating online has its merits and demerits, and it has become one of the greatest fundamental challenges in the corporate environment. Target was involved in a recent cyber-attack that was carried out in two stages and raised red flags. The compromise of the retail giant resulted in a leak of millions of credit and debit card information. Red Flags That Target Overlooked In the Retail Cyber Attack Target did not act on the escape route plan executed by the hackers on November 30th (Riley, Elgin, Lawrence Matlack, 2014). Target had employed FireEye to detect any malware infiltration. The team of cyber security specialists in Bangalore monitored the systems and discovered the staging points used by the Russian-based hackers to hide their tracks. FireEye spotted the routes and notified the security team in Minneapolis. The hackers were quick to set traps and staging points around United States in a bid to prevent their storage servers in Russia from detection. The target would have utilized the chance to eliminate the infiltration to the servers that stored credit and debit card information. Target thought that meeting the payment card industry (PCI) industry was enough. The certification could not prevent the data breach that followed. According to Riley, Elgin, Lawrence Matlack (2014) an overhaul of the entire system was important the moment Bangalore team informed Minneapolis security team. The impending breach in the mainframes of Target retail stores would have been avoided. The transformation would have fastened the structures in the company and help to catch the hackers based in Russia. Another version of Exfiltration malware was installed on December 2, but Target did not act on the alert. FireEye systems and the Bangalore monitoring had done their job and ensured that Target was notified in time. Customers wondered why the company dismissed the alerts despite putting millions of credit and debit cards at risk. The mitigation plan would have initiated a manhunt for the hackers (FadilpaÃ… ¡ić, 2015). Main Actions That Target Took After the Attack Gregg Steinhafel revealed that the company conducted an end-to-end review of the employees (Riley, Elgin, Lawrence Matlack, 2014). All employees and security teams involved in handling phone numbers, credit, and debit card information for millions of customers within and outside United States conducted the review. The company conducted the review to know the technology and processes to comprehend the potential points that led to the breach and help to improve data security. The company was destined to learn from the cyber-attack saga that led to the loss of at least $4million. The reviews would help companies create a segregated structure that would limit the breaches. The company also overhauled the information security structure (FadilpaÃ… ¡ić, 2015). The process was destined to safeguard accounts for the millions of customers who were affected by the breach. The company had adhered to the PCI certification call for improvement of security standards. Additionally, the improvement also paved the way for the quick transition to chip-enabled cards. The transition was initiated amidst investigations to hunt the hackers. Chip-enabled cards are secure and are approved by companies such as MasterCard and Visa. An overhaul of the security system would create room for implementation of a network that limits the number of employees and vendors logging in the Targets account. The investigation was necessary because Target wanted to establish and speculate the real cause of the breach. The company fast-tracked the process to protect the customers affected in the retail attack. The company was ready to deal with lawsuits filed by the customers. The investigation allowed the company to ascertain if the insurance companies would pay for the damages caused and help to fight negligence and compensatory damages. A response to the breach averaged $61million that company would have prevented (Riley, Elgin, Lawrence Matlack, 2014. The investigation can help to restore investor’s confidence and guarantee customers that their bank accounts are safe. The process of investigation would initiate strategies that can safeguard future transactions. Investigations reinforce the system overhaul processes that have been employed by Target alongside other vulnerable retailers in United States. Conclusion Target did not heed to the signs given by the Bangalore security team. The installation of FireEye was irrelevant and the certification process to match the standards of PCI could not help either. The company has a team in Minneapolis whose job was to act immediately a red flag was raised concerning malware attacks in the mainframes (Krebsonsecurity.com, 2015). The company has millions of account in its servers, and it was its top duty to prevent and eliminate the malware the moment the signs were detected a few times before the attack was launched. The hackers got a leeway when they launched decoy staging points, and the company failed to monitor and pin them down. Developing a team of investigation, and the decision to overhaul the system was wise but it was not a timely remedy for the damage that had affected retailing customers in 1097 stores in United States. The cyber-attack occurred due to the inability of the management to act accordingly. Target had invested in a pricey detection tool that is also utilized by CIA and Pentagon (Krebsonsecurity.com, 2015). Therefore, the company had a watertight infrastructure that could detect malware immediately the hackers launched the malware. The Minneapolis security team was to blame for the damages caused. The company hoped that it would redeem itself from the damages amidst 90 lawsuits across United States. Retailers learnt their lessons and initiated approaches that would keep hackers at bay. References FadilpaÃ…Â ¡iĆ¡, S. (2015). The cyberattack on Target cost the retailer  £100 million | ITProPortal.com. ITProPortal. Retrieved from http://www.itproportal.com/2015/02/26/target-reveals-true-cost-2013-cyber-attack/ Kim, D., Solomon, M. (2012). Fundamentals of information systems security. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones Bartlett Learning. Krebsonsecurity.com,. (2015). target data breach à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  Krebs on Security. Retrieved from http://krebsonsecurity.com/tag/target-data-breach/ McCumber, J. (2005). Assessing and managing security risk in IT systems. Boca Raton, Fla.: Auerbach Publications. Riley, M., Elgin, B., Lawrence, D., Matlack, C. (2014). Missed Alarms and 40 Million Stolen Credit Card Numbers: How Target Blew It. Businessweek.com. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2014-03-13/target-missed-alarms-in-epic-hack-of-credit-card-data#p1